Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

• Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder in adults.
  
• It involves repeated episodes of eating large amounts of food while feeling a loss of control.
  
• BED can lead to obesity, metabolic changes, and emotional distress.
  
• New treatments, including GLP-1 receptor agonists, may support people with obesity and binge eating by helping regulate appetite and reduce cravings.
• Effective management usually combines psychological therapy, lifestyle changes, and medical care.

People with binge eating disorder often experience episodes where they eat far more than normal within a short period, even when not physically hungry. These episodes are followed by feelings of guilt, shame, or loss of control. Physical symptoms can include rapid weight gain, bloating, and fatigue. Emotional signs may include anxiety, low mood, and social withdrawal related to eating behaviours.

The causes of binge eating disorder are complex. Emotional distress, trauma, and difficulty regulating mood can all play a role. Biological factors such as changes in dopamine and serotonin pathways influence how the brain responds to food and reward. Weight gain and insulin resistance can worsen appetite control, creating a cycle of overeating and low self-esteem. Family history, dieting patterns, and societal pressure around body image may also contribute.

A diagnosis of binge eating disorder is made by a qualified healthcare professional based on psychological and behavioural symptoms rather than weight alone. Diagnostic criteria include recurrent binge episodes at least once a week for three months or more, combined with distress about eating behaviour. Medical evaluation may also assess weight-related health risks such as high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.

The mainstay of treatment is psychological therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT), which help patients identify triggers and develop new coping strategies.

Nutritional guidance and structured eating plans are also often recommended.

In people with obesity or metabolic complications, GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide may form part of a broader medical approach. These medications work by reducing appetite and improving control over cravings. Treatment should always be supervised by a healthcare professional, and psychological support should continue alongside any medication.

Building regular eating patterns can reduce the likelihood of binge episodes. Balanced meals with adequate protein and fibre help stabilise blood sugar and curb hunger. Mindful eating practices, stress management, and limiting alcohol can all support recovery. Physical activity improves mood and reduces cravings. For some individuals already using GLP-1 medication, these habits enhance the treatment’s effectiveness and improve long-term outcomes .

Anyone experiencing repeated episodes of uncontrolled eating or emotional distress related to food should seek medical advice. A doctor can assess whether the symptoms meet criteria for binge eating disorder and screen for associated health risks such as obesity, prediabetes, or depression. Early assessment allows for timely treatment and may prevent further physical or psychological harm.

Binge eating disorder affects both men and women and can occur at any age. It is common among individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or polycystic ovary syndrome. In these groups, GLP-1 therapy may support weight management and reduce appetite dysregulation, though treatment must always consider individual mental health needs. Adolescents and older adults should be referred to specialists experienced in eating disorder care.

Promoting balanced eating habits early in life and reducing weight-related stigma can lower the risk of binge eating behaviours. Encouraging positive body image, coping strategies for stress, and healthy approaches to dieting are key. Awareness of how emotional distress can influence appetite helps individuals seek help before patterns become entrenched.

Recovery from binge eating disorder takes time and ongoing support. Many people benefit from a combination of therapy, nutritional counselling, and structured medical care. Maintaining progress involves continued attention to emotional health, relapse prevention strategies, and healthy eating habits. For individuals who also use GLP-1 medication, regular follow-up with a healthcare provider ensures that treatment remains safe and effective over the long term.

Medicspot offers clinical assessment and treatment for adults seeking medical help for weight management. While GLP-1 medication is not prescribed for diagnosed eating disorders, it may be suitable for patients with obesity who have a history of disordered eating and are ready for supervised care. Our clinicians review your medical history, discuss appropriate treatment options, and provide ongoing monitoring to ensure safety and support throughout your weight loss journey.

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individuals experiencing symptoms of an eating disorder should seek help from a qualified healthcare provider or specialist service. Medicspot does not prescribe GLP-1 medication for patients with an active eating disorder diagnosis. Always consult your doctor before starting, stopping, or changing any medical treatment.